Shrewsbury : A Short Background

Shrewsbury was founded about 1200 years ago, close to an old Roman encampment, by the Saxons who called it Shrubs Byrig or the town of bushes although the place was known as Pengwern, or Alder Hill by the ancient Britons, maybe they chopped all the trees down and left a clearing for later settlers. Situated 140 miles from London and a mere 9 miles from the Welsh border, the town sits astride the Roman road of Watling Street, now the A5 trunk road running straight as an arrow just as it was 2000 years ago, and the gently flowing upper reaches of the River Severn.
When the Normans, under Duke William, conquered England in 1066, the first thing they did was to parcel out land to the victorious nobility. Robert de Montgomery was made Earl of Shrewsbury and, in 1074, he built Shrewsbury Castle, a massive stone donjon standing on the site of the wooden Saxon fort. Strengthened and extended with a series of towers by Edward I the castle has seen plenty of action from the siege by King Stephen to the Civil War when it was captured by the Parliamentarians. The object of the giving of domains was twofold, both a reward and a means of first defense against the marauding Welsh just across the border.
Soon after the castle, the other pillar of Medieval society, the church, built a large Benedictine Abbey in Shrewsbury, made famous today by the author Ellis Peters with her wonderful series of Medieval mysteries featuring Brother Cadfael. Built by Robert de Montgomery in 1083 much of the monastery was destroyed during the Tudor dissolution. The church and several other buildings still stood, however and much restoration work has been achieved. Both the castle, now the home of the Shropshire Regimental Museum with artefacts from their deployment in the American Revolutionary War (as the British call it) to other more recent engagements, and the Abbey are open to the public and are fine examples of their ilk.
Given the town's setting amongst the rolling March hills and ease of transport both to Bristol and London, Shrewsbury soon became a burgeoning center of the wool trade. The town contains 660 buildings listed as of historic importance including many Medieval streets, most still retaining their original, evocative names such as Dogpole, Grope Lane, Gullet Passage and Bear Steps. Wandering along Butcher Row is like stepping back in time and is one of the finest examples of a row of Tudor houses. The Old Market Hall in the square was originally built as a vending place for the woollen merchants to sell their fleeces, the interior was refurbished and now houses an arts cafe and showcase for digital media.
This was also the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution. Just outside of Shrewsbury lies the town of Ironbridge, named for the first iron bridge in the world, forerunner of the Golden Gate and Bosphorous Bridge; a number of museums in the area document and display these first tentative steps towards the modern world. Ironbridge Gorge and the surrounding area is a World Heritage Site. Soon surpassed in industrialization by the Yorkshire and Lancashire mill-towns Shrewsbury has another claim to fame as the birthplace of the naturalist Charles Darwin, especially in this, his bi-centennial. Born in Mount House on February 12th 1809, the house still stands, today it is the Valuation Office and may be visited during office hours. He attended Shrewsbury School, itself a venerable and acutely English institution founded in 1552.
Shrewsbury is also home to the longest running flower show in the world (Guiness Book of Records - 2005). Held in early August in the Quarry, a famous recreational area on the site of a disused quarry, it features flower displays, fruit and vegetable competitions, military bands and equestrian events. To celebrate the 120th anniversary of the show, children, 16 and under, will be admitted free this year. Even when the show is not in situ the Quarry is an abundance of color with some of the most beautiful gardens in England.